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中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业法实施条例(附英文)
1983年9月20日，国务院
第一章 总 则
第一条 为了便于《中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业法》（以下简称《中外合资经营企业法》）的顺利实施，特制定本条例。
第二条 依照《中外合资经营企业法》批准在中国境内设立的中外合资经营企业（以下简称合营企业）是中国的法人，受中国法律的管辖和保护。
第三条 在中国境内设立的合营企业，应能促进中国经济的发展和科学技术水平的提高，有利于社会主义现代化建设。允许设立合营企业的主要行业是：
（一）能源开发，建筑材料工业，化学工业，冶金工业；
（二）机械制造工业，仪器仪表工业，海上石油开采设备的制造业；
（三）电子工业，计算机工业，通讯设备的制造业；
（四）轻工业，纺织工业，食品工业，医药和医疗器械工业，包装工业；
（五）农业，牧业，养殖业；
（六）旅游和服务业。
第四条 申请设立的合营企业应注重经济效益，符合下列一项或数项要求：
（一）采用先进技术设备和科学管理方法，能增加产品品种，提高产品质量和产量，节约能源和材料；
（二）有利于企业技术改造，能做到投资少、见效快、收益大；
（三）能扩大产品出口，增加外汇收入；
（四）能培训技术人员和经营管理人员。
第五条 申请设立合营企业有下列情况之一的，不予批准：
（一）有损中国主权的；
（二）违反中国法律的；
（三）不符合中国国民经济发展要求的；
（四）造成环境污染的；
（五）签订的协议、合同、章程显属不公平，损害合营一方权益的。
第六条 除另有规定外，中国合营者的政府主管部门就是合营企业的主管部门（以下简称企业主管部门）。如合营企业有两个或两个以上的中国合营者并隶属于不同的部门或地区时，应由有关部门和地区协商确定一个企业主管部门。
企业主管部门对合营企业负指导、帮助和监督的责任。
第七条 在中国法律、法规和合营企业协议、合同、章程规定的范围内，合营企业有权自主地进行经营管理。各有关部门应给予支持和帮助。
第二章 设立与登记
第八条 在中国境内设立合营企业，必须经中华人民共和国对外经济贸易部（以下简称对外经济贸易部）审查批准。批准后，由对外经济贸易部发给批准证书。
凡具备下列条件的，对外经济贸易部得委托有关的省、自治区、直辖市人民政府或国务院有关部、局（以下简称受托机构）审批：
（一）投资总额在国务院规定的金额内，中国合营者的资金来源已落实的；
（二）不需要国家增拨原材料，不影响燃料、动力、交通运输、外贸出口配额等的全国平衡的。
受托机构批准设立合营企业后，应报对外经济贸易部备案，并由对外经济贸易部发给批准证书。
（对外经济贸易部和受托机构，以下统称为审批机构。）
第九条 设立合营企业按下列程序办理：
（一）由中国合营者向企业主管部门呈报拟与外国合营者设立合营企业的项目建议书和初步可行性研究报告。该建议书与初步可行性研究报告，经企业主管部门审查同意并转报审批机构批准后，合营各方才能进行以可行性研究为中心的各项工作，在此基础上商签合营企业协议、合同、
章程。
（二）申请设立合营企业，由中国合营者负责向审批机构报送下列正式文件：
（1）设立合营企业的申请书；
（2）合营各方共同编制的可行性研究报告；
（3）由合营各方授权代表签署的合营企业协议、合同和章程；
（4）由合营各方委派的合营企业董事长、副董事长、董事人选名单；
（5）中国合营者的企业主管部门和合营企业所在地的省、自治区、直辖市人民政府对设立该合营企业签署的意见。
上列各项文件必须用中文书写，其中（2）、（3）、（4）项文件可同时用合营各方商定的一种外文书写。两种文字书写的文件具有同等效力。
第十条 审批机构自接到本条例第九条第（二）项规定的全部文件之日起，三个月内决定批准或不批准。审批机构如发现前述文件有不当之处，应要求限期修改，否则不予批准。
第十一条 申请者应在收到批准证书后一个月内，按《中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业登记管理办法》的规定，凭批准证书向合营企业所在地的省、自治区、直辖市工商行政管理局（以下简称登记管理机构）办理登记手续。合营企业的营业执照签发日期，即为该合营企业的成立日期。
第十二条 外国投资者有意在中国设立合营企业，但无中国方面具体合作对象的，可提出合营项目的初步方案，委托中国国际信托投资公司或有关省、自治区、直辖市的信托投资机构和有关政府部门、民间组织介绍合作对象。
第十三条 本章所述的合营企业协议，是指合营各方对设立合营企业的某些要点和原则达成一致意见而订立的文件。
合营企业合同，是指合营各方为设立合营企业就相互权利、义务关系达成一致意见而订立的文件。
合营企业章程，是按照合营企业合同规定的原则，经合营各方一致同意，规定合营企业的宗旨、组织原则和经营管理方法等事项的文件。
合营企业协议与合营企业合同有抵触时，以合营企业合同为准。
经合营各方同意，也可以不订立合营企业协议而只订立合营企业合同、章程。
第十四条 合营企业合同应包括下列主要内容：
（一）合营各方的名称、注册国家、法定地址和法定代表的姓名、职务、国籍；
（二）合营企业名称、法定地址、宗旨、经营范围和规模；
（三）合营企业的投资总额，注册资本，合营各方的出资额、出资比例、出资方式、出资的缴付期限以及出资额欠缴、转让的规定；
（四）合营各方利润分配和亏损分担的比例；
（五）合营企业董事会的组成、董事名额的分配以及总经理、副总经理及其他高级管理人员的职责、权限和聘用办法；
（六）采用的主要生产设备、生产技术及其来源；
（七）原材料购买和产品销售方式，产品在中国境内和境外销售的比例；
（八）外汇资金收支的安排；
（九）财务、会计、审计的处理原则；
（十）有关劳动管理、工资、福利、劳动保险等事项的规定；
（十一）合营企业期限、解散及清算程序；（十二）违反合同的责任；
（十三）解决合营各方之间争议的方式和程序；
（十四）合同文本采用的文字和合同生效的条件。
合营企业合同的附件，与合营企业合同具有同等效力。
第十五条 合营企业合同的订立、效力、解释、执行及其争议的解决，均应适用中国的法律。
第十六条 合营企业章程应包括下列主要内容：
（一）合营企业名称及法定地址；
（二）合营企业的宗旨、经营范围和合营期限；
（三）合营各方的名称、注册国家、法定地址、法定代表的姓名、职务、国籍；
（四）合营企业的投资总额，注册资本，合营各方的出资额、出资比例、出资额转让的规定，利润分配和亏损分担的比例；
（五）董事会的组成、职权和议事规则，董事的任期，董事长、副董事长的职责；
（六）管理机构的设置，办事规则，总经理、副总经理及其他高级管理人员的职责和任免方法；
（七）财务、会计、审计制度的原则；
（八）解散和清算；
（九）章程修改的程序。
第十七条 合营企业协议、合同和章程经审批机构批准后生效，其修改时同。
第十八条 审批机构和登记管理机构对合营企业合同、章程的执行负有监督检查的责任。
第三章 组织形式与注册资本
第十九条 合营企业为有限责任公司。
合营各方对合营企业的责任以各自认缴的出资额为限。
第二十条 合营企业的投资总额（含企业借款），是指按照合营企业合同、章程规定的生产规模需要投入的基本建设资金和生产流动资金的总和。
第二十一条 合营企业的注册资本，是指为设立合营企业在登记管理机构登记的资本总额，应为合营各方认缴的出资额之和。
合营企业的注册资本一般应以人民币表示，也可以用合营各方约定的外币表示。
第二十二条 合营企业在合营期内不得减少其注册资本。
第二十三条 合营一方如向第三者转让其全部或部分出资额，须经合营他方同意，并经审批机构批准。
合营一方转让其全部或部分出资额时，合营他方有优先购买权。
合营一方向第三者转让出资额的条件，不得比向合营他方转让的条件优惠。
违反上述规定的，其转让无效。
第二十四条 合营企业注册资本的增加、转让或以其他方式处置，应由董事会会议通过，并报原审批机构批准，向原登记管理机构办理变更登记手续。
第四章 出资方式
第二十五条 合营者可以用货币出资，也可以用建筑物、厂房、机器设备或其他物料、工业产权、专有技术、场地使用权等作价出资。以建筑物、厂房、机器设备或其他物料、工业产权、专有技术作为出资的，其作价由合营各方按照公平合理的原则协商确定，或聘请合营各方同意的第三者评定。
第二十六条 外国合营者出资的外币，按缴款当日中华人民共和国国家外汇管理局（以下简称国家外汇管理局）公布的外汇牌价折算成人民币或套算成约定的外币。
中国合营者出资的人民币现金，如需折合外币，按缴款当日国家外汇管理局公布的外汇牌价折算。
第二十七条 作为外国合营者出资的机器设备或其他物料，必须符合下列各项条件：
（一）为合营企业生产所必不可少的；
（二）中国不能生产，或虽能生产，但价格过高或在技术性能和供应时间上不能保证需要的；
（三）作价不得高于同类机器设备或其他物料当时国际市场价格。
第二十八条 作为外国合营者出资的工业产权或专有技术，必须符合下列条件之一：
（一）能生产中国急需的新产品或出口适销产品的；
（二）能显著改进现有产品的性能、质量，提高生产效率的；
（三）能显著节约原材料、燃料、动力的。
第二十九条 外国合营者以工业产权或专有技术作为出资，应提交该工业产权或专有技术的有关资料，包括专利证书或商标注册证书的复制件、有效状况及其技术特性、实用价值、作价的计算根据、与中国合营者签订的作价协议等有关文件，作为合营合同的附件。
第三十条 外国合营者作为出资的机器设备或其他物料、工业产权或专有技术，应经中国合营者的企业主管部门审查同意，报审批机构批准。
第三十一条 合营各方应按合同规定的期限缴清各自的出资额。逾期未缴或未缴清的，应按合同规定支付迟延利息或赔偿损失。
第三十二条 合营各方缴付出资额后，应由中国注册的会计师验证，出具验资报告后，由合营企业据以发给出资证明书。出资证明书载明下列事项：合营企业名称；合营企业成立的年、月、日；合营者名称（或姓名）及其出资额、出资的年、月、日；发给出资证明书的年、月、日。
第五章 董事会与经营管理机构
第三十三条 董事会是合营企业的最高权力机构，决定合营企业的一切重大问题。
第三十四条 董事会成员不得少于三人。董事名额的分配由合营各方参照出资比例协商确定。
董事由合营各方委派。董事长由中国合营者委派，副董事长由外国合营者委派。
董事的任期为四年，经合营各方继续委派可以连任。
第三十五条 董事会会议每年至少召开一次，由董事长负责召集并主持。董事长不能召集时，由董事长委托副董事长或其他董事负责召集并主持董事会会议。经三分之一以上董事提议，可由董事长召开董事会临时会议。
董事会会议应有三分之二以上董事出席方能举行。董事不能出席，可出具委托书委托他人代表其出席和表决。
董事会会议一般应在合营企业法定地址所在地举行。
第三十六条 下列事项由出席董事会会议的董事一致通过方可作出决议：
（一）合营企业章程的修改；
（二）合营企业的中止、解散；
（三）合营企业注册资本的增加、转让；
（四）合营企业与其他经济组织的合并。
其他事项，可以根据合营企业章程载明的议事规则作出决议。
第三十七条 董事长是合营企业的法定代表。董事长不能履行职责时，应授权副董事长或其他董事代表合营企业。
第三十八条 合营企业设经营管理机构，负责企业的日常经营管理工作。经营管理机构设总经理一人，副总经理若干人。副总经理协助总经理工作。
第三十九条 总经理执行董事会会议的各项决议，组织领导合营企业的日常经营管理工作。在董事会授权范围内，总经理对外代表合营企业，对内任免下属人员，行使董事会授予的其他职权。
第四十条 总经理、副总经理由合营企业董事会聘请，可以由中国公民担任，也可以由外国公民担任。
经董事会聘请，董事长、副董事长、董事可以兼任合营企业的总经理、副总经理或其他高级管理职务。
总经理处理重要问题时，应同副总经理协商。
总经理或副总经理不得兼任其他经济组织的总经理或副总经理，不得参与其他经济组织对本企业的商业竞争。
第四十一条 总经理、副总经理及其他高级管理人员有营私舞弊或严重失职行为的，经董事会决议可以随时解聘。
第四十二条 合营企业需要在国外和港澳地区设立分支机构（含销售机构）时，应报对外经济贸易部批准。
第六章 引进技术
第四十三条 本章所说的引进技术，是指合营企业通过技术转让的方式，从第三者或合营者获得所需要的技术。
第四十四条 合营企业引进的技术应是适用的、先进的，使其产品在国内具有显著的社会经济效益或在国际市场上具有竞争能力。
第四十五条 在订立技术转让协议时，必须维护合营企业独立进行经营管理的权利，并参照本条例第二十九条的规定，要求技术输出方提供有关的资料。
第四十六条 合营企业订立的技术转让协议，应经企业主管部门审查同意，并报审批机构批准。
技术转让协议必须符合以下规定：
（一）技术使用费应公平合理。一般应采取提成方式支付。采取提成方式支付技术使用费时，提成率不得高于国际上通常的水平。提成率应按由该技术所生产产品的净销售额或双方协议的其他合理方式计算。
（二）除双方另有协议外，技术输出方不得限制技术输入方出口其产品的地区、数量和价格。
（三）技术转让协议的期限一般不超过十年。
（四）技术转让协议期满后，技术输入方有权继续使用该项技术。
（五）订立技术转让协议双方，相互交换改进技术的条件应对等。
（六）技术输入方有权按自己认为合适的来源购买需要的机器设备、零部件和原材料。
（七）不得含有为中国的法律、法规所禁止的不合理的限制性条款。
第七章 场地使用权及其费用
第四十七条 合营企业使用场地，必须贯彻执行节约用地的原则。所需场地，应由合营企业向所在地的市（县）级土地主管部门提出申请，经审查批准后，通过签订合同取得场地使用权。合同应订明场地面积、地点、用途、合同期限、场地使用权的费用（以下简称场地使用费）、双方
的权利与义务、违反合同的罚则等。
第四十八条 合营企业所需场地的使用权，如已为中国合营者拥有，则中国合营者可将其作为对合营企业的出资，其作价金额应与取得同类场地使用权所应缴纳的使用费相同。
第四十九条 场地使用费标准应根据该场地的用途、地理环境条件、征地拆迁安置费用和合营企业对基础设施的要求等因素，由所在地的省、自治区、直辖市人民政府规定，并向对外经济贸易部和国家土地主管部门备案。
第五十条 从事农业、畜牧业的合营企业，经所在地的省、自治区、直辖市人民政府同意，可按合营企业营业收入的百分比向所在地的土地主管部门缴纳场地使用费。
在经济不发达地区从事开发性的项目，场地使用费经所在地人民政府同意，可以给予特别优惠。
第五十一条 场地使用费在开始用地的五年内不调整。以后随着经济的发展、供需情况的变化和地理环境条件的变化需要调整时，调整的间隔期应不少于三年。
场地使用费作为中国合营者投资的，在该合同期限内不得调整。
第五十二条 合营企业按本条例第四十七条取得的场地使用权，其场地使用费应按合同规定的用地时间从开始时起按年缴纳，第一日历年用地时间超过半年的按半年计算；不足半年的免缴。在合同期内，场地使用费如有调整，应自调整的年度起按新的费用标准缴纳。
第五十三条 合营企业对于准予使用的场地，只有使用权，没有所有权，其使用权不得转让。
第八章 计划、购买与销售
第五十四条 合营企业的基本建设计划（包括施工力量、各种建筑材料、水、电、气等），应根据批准的可行性研究报告编制，并纳入企业主管部门的基本建设计划，企业主管部门应优先予以安排和保证实施。
第五十五条 合营企业的基本建设资金，由合营企业的开户 银行统一管理。
第五十六条 合营企业按照合营合同规定的经营范围和生产规模所制订的生产经营计划，由董事会批准执行，报企业主管部门备案。
企业主管部门和各级计划管理部门，不对合营企业下达指令性生产经营计划。
第五十七条 合营企业所需的机器设备、原材料、燃料、配套件、运输工具和办公用品等（以下简称物资），有权自行决定在中国购买或向国外购买，但在同等条件下，应尽先在中国购买。
第五十八条 合营企业在中国购买的物资，其供应渠道如下：
（一）属于计划分配的物资，纳入企业主管部门供应计划，由物资、商业部门或生产企业按合同保证供应；
（二）属于物资、商业部门经营的物资，向有关的物资经营单位购买；
（三）属于市场自由流通的物资，向生产企业或其经销、代销机构购买；
（四）属于外贸公司经营的出口物资，向有关的外贸公司购买。
第五十九条 合营企业需要在中国购置的办公、生活用品，按需要量购买，不受限制。
第六十条 中国政府鼓励合营企业向国际市场销售其产品。
第六十一条 合营企业生产的产品，属于中国急需的或中国需要进口的，可以在中国国内市场销售为主。
第六十二条 合营企业有权自行出口其产品，也可以委托外国合营者的销售机构或中国的外贸公司代销或经销。
第六十三条 合营企业在合营合同规定的经营范围内，进口本企业生产所需的机器设备、零配件、原材料、燃料，凡属国家规定需要领取进口许可证的，每年编制一次计划，每半年申领一次。外国合营者作为出资的机器设备或其他物料，可凭审批机构的批准文件直接办理进口许可证进口。超出合营合同规定范围进口的物资，凡国家规定需要领取进口许可证的，应另行申领。
合营企业生产的产品，可自主经营出口，凡属国家规定需要领取出口许可证的，合营企业按本企业的年度出口计划，每半年申领一次。
第六十四条 合营企业在中国销售产品，按下列办法办理：
（一）属于计划分配的物资，通过企业主管部门列入物资管理部门的分配计划，按计划销售给指定的用户。
（二）属于物资、商业部门经营的物资，由物资、商业部门向合营企业订购。
（三）上述两类物资的计划收购外的部分，以及不属于上述两类的物资，合营企业有权自行销售或委托有关单位代销。
（四）合营企业出口的产品，如属中国的外贸公司所要进口的物资，合营企业可向中国的外贸公司销售，收取外汇。
第六十五条 合营企业在国内购买物资和所需服务，其价格按下列规定执行：
（一）用于直接生产出口产品的金、银、铂、石油、煤炭、木材六种原料，按照国家外汇管理局或外贸部门提供的国际市场价格计价，以外币或人民币支付。
（二）购买中国的外贸公司经营的出口商品或进口商品，由供需双方参照国际市场价格协商定价，以外币支付。
（三）购买用于生产在中国国内销售产品所需的燃料用煤、车辆用油和除本条（一）、（二）项所列外的其他物资的价格，以及为合营企业提供水、电、气、热、货物运输、劳务、工程设计、咨询服务、广告等收取的费用，应与国营企业同等待遇，以人民币支付。
第六十六条 合营企业在中国国内销售的产品，除经物价管理部门批准可以参照国际市场价格定价的以外，应执行国家规定价格，实行按质论价，收取人民币。合营企业制订的产品销售价格，应报企业主管部门和物价管理部门备案。
合营企业的出口产品价格，由合营企业自行制定，报企业主管部门和物价管理部门备案。
第六十七条 合营企业与中国其他经济组织之间的经济往来，按照有关的法律规定和双方订立的合同承担经济责任，解决合同争议。
第六十八条 合营企业必须按照有关规定，填报生产、供应、销售的统计表，报企业主管部门、统计部门和其他有关部门备案。
第九章 税 务
第六十九条 合营企业应按照中华人民共和国有关法律的规定，缴纳各种税款。
第七十条 合营企业的职工应根据《中华人民共和国个人所得税法》缴纳个人所得税。
第七十一条 合营企业进口下列物资免征关税和工商统一税：
（一）按照合同规定作为外国合营者出资的机器设备、零部件和其他物料（其他物料系指合营企业建厂（场）以及安装、加固机器所需材料，下同）；
（二）合营企业以投资总额内的资金进口的机器设备、零部件和其他物料；
（三）经审批机构批准，合营企业以增加资本所进口的国内不能保证生产供应的机器设备、零部件和其他物料；
（四）合营企业为生产出口产品，从国外进口的原材料、辅料、元器件、零部件和包装物料。
上述免税进口物资，经批准在中国国内转卖或转用于在中国国内销售的产品，应照章纳税或补税。
第七十二条 合营企业生产的出口产品，除国家限制出口的以外，经中华人民共和国财政部批准，可免征工商统一税。
合营企业生产的内销产品，在开办初期纳税有困难的，可以申请在一定期限内减征或免征工商统一税。
第十章 外汇管理
第七十三条 合营企业的一切外汇事宜，按《中华人民共和国外汇管理暂行条例》和有关管理办法的规定办理。
第七十四条 合营企业凭中华人民共和国国家工商行政管理局发给的营业执照，在中国银行或指定的其他银行开立外币存款帐户和人民币存款帐户，由开户银行监督收付。
合营企业的一切外汇收入，都必须存入其开户银行的外汇存款帐户；一切外汇支出，从其外汇存款帐户中支付。存款利率按中国银行公布的利率执行。
第七十五条 合营企业的外汇收支一般应保持平衡。根据批准的合营企业的可行性研究报告、合同，产品以内销为主而外汇不能平衡的，由有关省、自治区、直辖市人民政府或国务院主管部门在留成外汇中调剂解决，不能解决的，由对外经济贸易部会同中华人民共和国国家计划委员会审批后纳入计划解决。
第七十六条 合营企业在国外或港澳地区的银行开立外汇存款帐户，应经国家外汇管理局或其分局批准，并向国家外汇管理局或其分局报告收付情况和提供银行对帐单。
第七十七条 合营企业在国外或港澳地区设立的分支机构，凡当地有中国银行的，应在中国银行开立帐户。其年度资产负债表和年度利润表，应通过合营企业报送国家外汇管理局或其分局。
第七十八条 合营企业根据经营业务的需要，可以按《中国银行办理中外合资经营企业贷款暂行办法》向中国银行申请外汇贷款和人民币贷款。对合营企业的贷款利率按中国银行公布的利率执行。合营企业也可以从国外或港澳地区的银行借入外汇资金，但必须向国家外汇管理局或其分局备案。
第七十九条 合营企业的外籍职工和港澳职工的工资和其他正当收益，依法纳税后，减去在中国境内使用的花费，其剩余部分可以向中国银行申请全部汇出。
第十一章 财务与会计
第八十条 合营企业的财务与会计制度，应根据中国有关法律和财务会计制度的规定，结合合营企业的情况加以制定，并报当地财政部门、税务机关备案。
第八十一条 合营企业设总会计师，协助总经理负责主持企业的财务会计工作。必要时，可设副总会计师。
第八十二条 合营企业设审计师（小的企业可不设），负责审查、稽核合营企业的财务收支和会计帐目，向董事会、总经理提出报告。
第八十三条 合营企业会计年度采用日历年制，自公历每年一月一日起至十二月三十一日止为一个会计年度。
第八十四条 合营企业会计采用国际通用的权责发生制和借贷记帐法记帐。一切自制凭证、帐簿、报表必须用中文书写，也可以同时用合营各方商定的一种外文书写。
第八十五条 合营企业原则上采用人民币为记帐本位币，经合营各方商定，也可以采用某一种外国货币为本位币。
第八十六条 合营企业的帐目，除按记帐本位币记录外，对于现金、银行存款、其他货币款项以及债权债务、收益和费用等，如与记帐本位币不一致时，还应按实际收付的货币记帐。
以外国货币记帐的合营企业，除编制外币的会计报表外，还应另编折合为人民币的会计报表。
因汇率的差异而发生的汇兑损益，应以实现数为准，作为本年损益列帐。记帐汇率变动，有关外币各帐户的帐面余额，均不作调整。
第八十七条 合营企业按照《中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业所得税法》缴纳所得税后的利润分配原则如下：
（一）提取储备基金、职工奖励及福利基金、企业发展基金，提取比例由董事会确定。（二）储备基金除用于垫补合营企业亏损外，经审批机构批准也可以用于本企业增加资本，扩大生产。
（三）按本条（一）项规定提取三项基金后的可分配利润，如董事会确定分配，应按照合营各方出资比例进行分配。
第八十八条 以前年度的亏损未弥补前不得分配利润。以前年度未分配的利润，可并入本年度利润分配。
第八十九条 合营企业应向合营各方、当地税务机关、企业主管部门和同级财政部门报送季度和年度会计报表。
年度会计报表应抄报原审批机构。
第九十条 合营企业的下列文件、证件、报表，应经中国注册的会计师验证和出具证明，方为有效：
（一）合营各方的出资证明书（以物料、场地使用权、工业产权、专有技术作为出资的，应包括合营各方签字同意的财产估价清单及其协议文件）；
（二）合营企业的年度会计报表；
（三）合营企业清算的会计报表。
第十二章 职 工
第九十一条 合营企业职工的招收、招聘、辞退、辞职、工资、福利、劳动保险、劳动保护、劳动纪律等事宜，按照《中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业劳动管理规定》办理。
第九十二条 合营企业应加强对职工的业务、技术培训，建立严格的考核制度，使他们在生产、管理技能方面能够适应现代化企业的要求。
第九十三条 合营企业的工资、奖励制度必须符合按劳分配、多劳多得的原则。
第九十四条 正副总经理、正副总工程师、正副总会计师、审计师等高级管理人员的工资待遇，由董事会决定。
第十三章 工 会
第九十五条 合营企业职工有权按照《中华人民共和国工会法》（以下简称《中国工会法》）和《中国工会章程》的规定，建立基层工会组织，开展工会活动。
第九十六条 合营企业工会是职工利益的代表，有权代表职工同合营企业签订劳动合同，并监督合同的执行。
第九十七条 合营企业工会的基本任务是：依法维护职工的民主权利和物质利益；协助合营企业安排和合理使用福利、奖励基金；组织职工学习政治、业务、科学、技术和业务知识，开展文艺、体育活动；教育职工遵守劳动纪律，努力完成企业的各项经济任务。
第九十八条 合营企业董事会会议讨论合营企业的发展规划、生产经营活动等重大事项时，工会的代表有权列席会议，反映职工的意见和要求。
在董事会会议研究决定有关职工奖惩、工资制度、生活福利、劳动保护和保险等问题时，工会的代表有权列席会议，董事会应听取工会的意见，取得工会的合作。
第九十九条 合营企业应积极支持本企业工会的工作。合营企业应按照《中国工会法》的规定为工会组织提供必要的房屋和设备，用于办公、会议、举办职工集体福利、文化、体育事业。合营企业每月按企业职工实际工资总额的百分之二拨交工会经费，由本企业工会按照中华全国总工
会制定的有关工会经费管理办法使用。
第十四章 期限、解散与清算
第一百条 合营企业的合营期限，根据不同行业和项目的具体情况，由合营各方协商决定。一般项目的合营期限原则上为十年至三十年。投资大、建设周期长、资金利润率低的项目，合营期限也可以在三十年以上。
第一百零一条 合营企业的合营期限，由合营各方在合营企业协议、合同、章程中作出规定。合营期限从合营企业营业执照签发之日起算。
合营各方如同意延长合营期限，应在合营期满前六个月，向审批机构报送由合营各方授权代表签署的延长合营期限的申请书。审批机构应在接到申请书之日起一个月内予以批复。
合营企业经批准延长合营期限后，应按照《中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业登记管理办法》的规定，办理变更登记手续。
第一百零二条 合营企业在下列情况下解散：
（一）合营期限届满；
（二）企业发生严重亏损，无力继续经营；
（三）合营一方不履行合营企业协议、合同、章程规定的义务，致使企业无法继续经营；
（四）因自然灾害、战争等不可抗力遭受严重损失，无法继续经营；
（五）合营企业未达到其经营目的，同时又无发展前途；
（六）合营企业合同、章程所规定的其他解散原因已经出现。
本条（二）、（三）、（四）、（五）、（六）项情况发生，应由董事会提出解散申请书，报审批机构批准。
在本条（三）项情况下，不履行合营企业协议、合同、章程规定的义务一方，应对合营企业由此造成的损失负赔偿责任。
第一百零三条 合营企业宣告解散时，董事会应提出清算的程序、原则和清算委员会人选，报企业主管部门审核并监督清算。
第一百零四条 清算委员会的成员一般应在合营企业的董事中选任。董事不能担任或不适合担任清算委员会成员时，合营企业可聘请在中国注册的会计师、律师担任。审批机构认为必要时，可以派人进行监督。
清算费用和清算委员会成员的酬劳应从合营企业现存财产中优先支付。
第一百零五条 清算委员会的任务是对合营企业的财产、债权、债务进行全面清查，编制资产负债表和财产目录，提出财产作价和计算依据，制定清算方案，提请董事会会议通过后执行。
清算期间，清算委员会代表该合营企业起诉和应诉。
第一百零六条 合营企业以其全部资产对其债务承担责任。合营企业清偿债务后的剩余财产按照合营各方的出资比例进行分配，但合营企业协议、合同、章程另有规定的除外。
合营企业解散时，其资产净额或剩余财产超过注册资本的增值部分视同利润，应依法缴纳所得税。外国合营者分得的资产净额或剩余财产超过其出资额的部分，在汇往国外时，应依法缴纳所得税。
第一百零七条 合营企业的清算工作结束后，由清算委员会提出清算结束报告，提请董事会会议通过后，报告原审批机构，并向原登记管理机构办理注销登记手续，缴销营业执照。
第一百零八条 合营企业解散后，各项帐册及文件应由原中国合营者保存。
第十五章 争议的解决
第一百零九条 合营各方如在解释或履行合营企业协议、合同、章程时发生争议，应尽量通过友好协商或调解解决。如经过协商或调解无效，则提请仲裁或司法解决。
第一百一十条 合营各方根据有关仲裁的书面协议，提请仲裁。可以在中国国际贸易促进委员会对外经济贸易仲裁委员会仲裁，按该会的仲裁程序规则进行。如当事各方同意，也可以在被诉一方所在国或第三国的仲裁机构仲裁，按该机构的仲裁程序规则进行。
第一百一十一条 如合营各方之间没有仲裁的书面协议，发生争议的任何一方都可以依法向中国人民法院起诉。
第一百一十二条 在解决争议期间，除争议事项外，合营各方应继续履行合营企业协议、合同、章程所规定的其他各项条款。
第十六章 附 则
第一百一十三条 合营企业的外籍职工和港澳职工（包括其家属），需要经常入、出中国国境的，中国主管签证机关可简化手续，予以方便。
第一百一十四条 合营企业的中国职工，因工作需要出国考察、洽谈业务、学习或接受培训，由企业主管部门负责申请并办理出国手续。
第一百一十五条 合营企业的外籍职工和港澳职工，可带进必需的交通工具和办公用品，按规定缴纳关税和工商统一税。
第一百一十六条 在经济特区设立的合营企业，如全国人民代表大会、全国人民代表大会常务委员会或国务院通过的法律、法规另有规定的，从其规定。
第一百一十七条 本条例的解释权授予对外经济贸易部。
第一百一十八条 本条例自发布之日起实施。
REGULATIONS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE LAW OF THE PEOPLE'SREPUBLIC OF CHINA ON CHINESE-FOREIGN EQUITY JOINT VENTURES
Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.
Whole Document (法规全文)
REGULATIONS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S
REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON CHINESE-FOREIGN EQUITY JOINT VENTURES
(Promulgated by the State Council on September 20, 1983)
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1
These Regulations are formulated with a view to facilitating the smooth
implementation of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Chinese-
Foreign Equity Joint Ventures (hereinafter referred to as the Law on
Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures).
Article 2
Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures (hereinafter referred to as joint
ventures) established within China's territory in accordance with the Law
on Chinese-foreign Equity Joint Ventures are legal persons in China and
are subject to the jurisdiction of Chinese laws and enjoy protection
thereof.
Article 3
Joint ventures established within China's territory shall be able to
promote the development of China's economy and the raising of scientific
and technological levels for the benefit of socialist modernization. Joint
ventures permitted to be established are mainly in the following
industries:
(1) energy development, the building material, chemical and metallurgical
industries;
(2) machine manufacturing, instrument and meter industries and offshore
oil exploitation equipment manufacturing;
(3) electronics and computer industries, and communication equipment
manufacturing;
(4) light, textile, foodstuffs, medicine, medical apparatus and packaging
industries;
(5) agriculture, animal husbandry and aquiculture;
(6) tourism and service trades.
Article 4
Joint ventures to be applied for their establishment shall lay stress on
economic results and shall comply with one or several of the following
requirements:
(1) they shall adopt advanced technical equipment and scientific
managerial methods which help increase the variety, improve the quality
and raise the output of products and save energy and materials;
(2) they shall prove to be conducive to technical renovation of
enterprises and be able to bring about quicker returns and bigger profits
with less investment;
(3) they shall help expand exports and thereby increase foreign currency
receipts;
(4) they shall help train technical and managerial personnel.
Article 5
Application for establishing joint ventures shall not be approved if they
involve any of the following circumstances:
(1) detriment to China's sovereignty;
(2) violation of Chinese Law;
(3) nonconformity with the requirements of the development of China's
national economy;
(4) environmental pollution;
(5) obvious inequity in the agreements, contracts and articles of
association signed, impairing the rights and interests of one of the
parties.
Article 6
Unless otherwise stipulated, the government department in charge of the
Chinese joint venturer in a joint venture shall be the department in
charge of the joint venture (hereinafter referred to as the department in
charge). If a joint venture has two or more Chinese joint venturers which
are under different departments or from different regions, the departments
and regions concerned shall, through consultation, designate a department
in charge.
Departments in charge are responsible for providing guidance and
assistance and exercising supervision over the joint ventures.
Article 7
A joint venture has the right to independently conduct business operations
and management within the scope as prescribed by Chinese laws and
regulations, and by the agreement, contract and articles of association of
the joint venture. The departments concerned shall provide support and
assistance.
Chapter II Establishment and Registration
Article 8
The establishment of a joint venture in China is subject to examination
and approval by the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade of
the People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the MOFERT).
Upon approval, an Approval Certificate shall be issued by the MOFERT.
The MOFERT may entrust the people's governments in the related provinces,
autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central
Government or relevant ministries or bureaus under the State Council
(hereinafter referred to as the entrusted office) with the power to
examine and approve the establishment of joint ventures that comply with
the following conditions:
(1) the total amount of investment is within the limit set by the State
Council and the source of capital of the Chinese venturers has been
ascertained;
(2) no additional allocation of raw materials by the State is required and
the national balance as to fuel, power transportation and foreign trade
export quotas is not affected. The entrusted office, after approving the
establishment of a joint venture, shall report the same to the MOFERT for
the record. An Approval Certificate shall be issued by the MOFERT.
(The MOFERT and the entrusted office will hereinafter be generally
referred to as the examining and approving authorities.)
Article 9
The following procedures shall be followed in the establishment of a joint
venture:
(1) it is the Chinese joint venturer in a joint venture that shall submit
to its department in charge a project proposal and a preliminary
feasibility study report of the joint venture to be established with
foreign joint venturer. The proposal and the preliminary feasibility study
report, upon examination and approval by the department in charge, shall
be submitted to the examining and approving authorities for final
approval. The parties to the venture shall then conduct work centering
around the feasibility study, and then proceed on this basis, to negotiate
and sign joint venture agreement, contract and articles of association;
(2) when applying for the establishment of a joint venture, the Chinese
joint venturer is responsible for the submission of the following
documents to the examining and approving authorities:
(a) a written application for the establishment of the joint venture;
(b) the feasibility study report jointly prepared by the parties to the
venture; (c) joint venture agreement, contract and articles of association
signed by representatives authorized by the parties to the venture;
(d) list of candidates for chairman and vice-chairman of board of
directors and directors nominated by the parties to the venture;
(e) written opinions concerning the establishment of the said venture of
the department in charge and the people's government of the province,
autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government
where the joint venture is located. The aforesaid documents shall be
written in Chinese. Documents (b), (c) and (d) may be written
simultaneously in a foreign language agreed upon by the parties to the
joint venture. Both versions are equally authentic.
Article 10
Upon receipt of the documents stipulated in Article 9 (2), the examining
and approving authorities shall, within 3 months, decide whether to
approve or disapprove them. Should anything inappropriate be found in any
of the aforementioned documents, the examining and approving authorities
shall demand an amendment within a limited time. Otherwise, no approval
shall be granted.
Article 11
The applicant shall, within one month as of the receipt of the Approval
Certificate, register with the administrative department for industry and
commerce of the province, autonomous region or municipality directly under
the Central Government in accordance with the provisions of the Measures
of the People's Republic of China for the Administration of the
Registration of Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures (hereinafter
referred to as registration administration office). The date of the
issuance of its business licence is the date of the formal establishment
of the joint venture.
Article 12
Any foreign investor who intends to establish a joint venture in China but
is unable to find a specific co-operator in China may submit a preliminary
plan for the joint venture project and entrust the China International
Trust and Investment Corporation (CITIC) or a trust and investment
corporation of a trust and investment corporation of a province,
autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government,
or a relevant government department or a non-governmental organization, to
recommend Chinese co-operators.
Article 13
The "joint venture agreement" mentioned in this Chapter refers to the
document agreed upon by the parties to the joint venture on some major
points and principles governing the establishment of the joint venture.
"Joint venture contract" refers to the document agreed upon and concluded
by the parties to the joint venture on their mutual rights and
obligations.
"Articles of association" refers to the document agreed upon by the
parties to the joint venture specifying the purpose, organizational
principles and method of management of the joint venture in compliance
with the principles of the joint venture contract. Where the joint venture
agreement comes into conflict with the contract, the latter shall prevail.
The parties to the joint venture may agree to sign the contract and
articles of association only, without signing an agreement.
Article 14
A joint venture contract shall include the following main items:
(1) the names, the countries of registration, the legal addresses of
parties to the joint venture, and the names, positions and nationalities
of the legal representatives thereof;
(2) name of the joint venture, its legal address, purpose and the scope
and scale of business;
(3) total amount of investment and registered capital of the joint
venture, amount, proportion and forms of investment to be contributed by
each party to the joint venture, the time limit for contributing
investment, stipulations concerning incomplete contributions, and
assignments of investments;
(4) the proportion of profit to be shared and losses to be borne by each
party;
(5) the composition of the board of directors, the distribution of the
number of directors, and the responsibilities, powers and means of
employment of the general manager, deputy general manager and high-ranking
managerial personnel;
(6) the main production equipment and technology to be adopted and their
source of supply;
(7) the ways and means of purchasing raw materials and selling finished
products, and the ratio of products sold within Chinese territory to those
sold abroad;
(8) arrangements for receipts and expenditures in foreign currency;
(9) principles governing the handling of finance, accounting and auditing;
(10) stipulations concerning labour management, wages, welfare, and labour
insurance;
(11) the duration of the joint venture, its dissolution and the procedures
for liquidation;
(12) the liabilities for breach of contract;
(13) ways and procedures for settling disputes between the parties to the
joint venture;
(14) the language(s) used for the contract and the conditions for putting
the contract into force.
The annex to the contract of a joint venture shall be equally authentic as
the contract itself.
Article 15
Chinese laws shall apply to the conclusion, validity, interpretation and
execution of a joint venture contract, as well as to the settlement of
disputes.
Article 16
The Articles of association of a joint venture shall include the following
main items:
(1) the name of the joint venture and its legal address;
(2) the purpose, business scope and duration of the joint venture;
(3) the names, countries of registration and legal addresses of parties to
the joint venture, and the names, positions and nationalities of the legal
representatives thereof;
(4) the total amount of investment, registered capital of the joint
venture, each party's investment proportion, stipulations concerning the
assignment of investment, the proportions of profit distribution and
losses to be borne by parties to the joint venture;
(5) the composition of the board of directors, its responsibilities,
powers and rules of procedure, the term of office of the directors, and
the responsibilities of its chairman and vice-chairman;
(6) the setting up of management organizations, rules for handling routine
affairs, the responsibilities of the general manager, deputy general
manager and other high-ranking managerial personnel, and the method of
their appointment and dismissal;
(7) principles governing financial, accounting and auditing systems;
(8) dissolution and liquidation;
(9) procedures for amendment of the articles of association.
Article 17
The agreement, contract and articles of association shall come into force
upon approval by the examining and approving authorities. The same applies
to amendments thereof.
Article 18
The examining and approval authorities and the registration administration
office are responsible for supervising and checking on the execution of
the joint venture contracts and articles of association.
Chapter III Form of Organization and Registered Capital
Article 19
A joint venture is a limited liability company.
Each party to the joint venture is liable to the joint venture within the
limit of the capital subscribed by it.
Article 20
The total amount of investment (including loans) of a joint venture refers
to the sum of capital construction funds and the circulating funds needed
for the joint venture's production scale as stipulated in the contract and
the articles of association of the joint venture.
Article 21
The registered capital of a joint venture refers to the total amount of
investment registered at the registration administration office for the
establishment of the joint venture. It shall be the total amount of
investment subscribed by parties to the joint venture.
The registered capital shall generally be represented in Renminbi, or may
be in a foreign currency agreed upon by the parties to the joint venture.
Article 22
A joint venture shall not reduce its registered capital during the term of
the joint venture.
Article 23
If one party to the joint venture intends to assign all or part of its
investment subscribed to a third party, consent shall be obtained from the
other party to the joint venture, and approval from the examining and
approving authorities is required. When one party assigns all or part of
its investment to a third party, the other party has preemptive right.
When one party assigns its investment subscribed to a third party, the
terms of assignment shall not be more favourable than those to the other
party to the joint venture.
No assignment shall be effective should there be any violation of the
above stipulations.
Article 24
Any increase, assignment or other disposal of the registered capital of a
joint venture shall be approved at a meeting of the board of directors and
submitted to the original examining and approving authorities for
approval. Registration procedures for changes shall be handled at the
original registration administration office.
Chapter IV Ways of Contributing Investment
Article 25
Each joint venturer may invest in cash or may contribute buildings,
factory premises, equipment or other materials, industrial property,
preprietary technology, or right to the use of a site, appraised at
appropriate prices, as investment. If the investment is in the form of
buildings, premises, equipment or other materials, industrial property or
proprietary technology, the prices shall be determined through
consultation by the parties to the joint venture on the basis of fairness
and reasonableness, or they shall be evaluated by a third party accepted
and invited by the parties to the joint venture.
Article 26
The foreign currency contributed by the foreign joint venturer shall be
converted into Renminbi according to the exchange rate quoted by the State
Administration of Foreign Exchange Control of the People's Republic of
China (hereinafter referred to as the State Administration of Foreign
Exchange Control) on the day of its submission or be cross exchanged into
the foreign currency as agreed upon.
Should the cash Renminbi contributed by the Chinese joint venturer be
converted into foreign currency, it shall be converted according to the
exchange rate quoted by the State Administration of Foreign Exchange
Control on the day of its submission.
Article 27
The machinery, equipment and other materials contributed as investment by
the foreign joint venturer shall meet the following conditions:
(1) they are indispensable to the production of the joint venture;
(2) China is unable to manufacture them, or can manufacture them only at
too high a price, or their technical performance and time of availability
cannot meet the requirement;
(3) the price fixed shall not be higher than the current international
market price for similar equipment or materials.
Article 28
The industrial property or proprietary technology contributed by the
foreign joint venturer as investment shall meet one of the following
conditions:
(1) capable of manufacturing new products urgently needed in China or
products suitable for export;
(2) capable of markedly improving the performance, quality of existing
products and raising productivity;
(3) capable of notably saving raw materials, fuel or power.
Article 29
Foreign joint ventures who contribute industrial property or proprietary
technology as investment shall present relevant documentation on the
industrial property or proprietary technology, including protocopies of
the patent certificates or trademark registration certificates, statements
of validity, their technical characteristics, practical value, the basis
for calculating the price and the price agreement signed with the Chinese
joint ventures. All these shall serve as an annex to the contract.
Article 30
The machinery, equipment or other materials, industrial property or
proprietary technology contributed by foreign joint venturer as investment
shall be examined and approved by the department in charge of the Chinese
joint venturer and then submitted to the examining and approving
authorities for further approval.
Article 31
The parties to the joint venture shall pay in all the investment
subscribed according to the time limit stipulated in the contract. Delay
in payment or partial delay in payment shall be subject to a payment of
investment on arrears or a compensation for the loss as defined in the
contract.
Article 32
After the investment is paid by the parties to the joint venture, a
Chinese registered accountant shall verify it and provide a certificate of
verification, in accordance with which the joint venture shall issue to
them investment certificates, which include the following items: name of
the joint venture; date, month and year of the establishment of the joint
venture; names of the joint venturers and the investment contributed;
date, month and year of the contribution of the investment; and date,
month and year of the issuance of investment certificates.
Chapter V Board of Directors and Management Structure
Article 33
The highest authority of the joint venture shall be its board of
directors, which shall decide all major issues concerning the joint
venture.
Article 34 [*1]
The board of directors shall consist of no less than three members. The
distribution of the number of directors shall be determined through
consultation by the parties to the joint venture with reference to the
proportions of investment contributed. The directors shall be appointed
by the parties to the joint venture. The chairman of the board shall be
appointed by the Chinese joint venturer and its vice-chairman by the
foreign joint venturer.
The term of office for the directors is four years. Their term of office
may be renewed with the re-appointment by the parties to the joint
venture.
Article 35
The board of directors shall convene at least one meeting every year. The
meeting shall be called and presided over by the chairman of the board.
Should the chairman be unable to call the meeting, he shall authorize the
vice-chairman or a director to call and preside over the meeting. The
chairman may convene an interim meeting on the suggestion of more than
one-third of the directors.
A board meeting requires a quorum of over two-thirds of the directors.
Should a director be unable to attend, he may make a proxy authorizing
someone else to represent him and vote in his stead.
A board meeting shall usually be held at the location of the joint
venture's legal address.
Article 36
Decisions on the following items shall be made only after being
unanimously agreed upon by the directors present at the board meeting:
(1) amendment to the articles of association of the joint venture;
(2) suspension or dissolution of the joint venture;
(3) increase in or assignment of the registered capital of the joint
venture;
(4) merger of the joint venture with other economic organization.
Decision on other matters may be made according to the rules of procedure
stipulated in the articles of association.
Article 37
The chairman of the board is the legal representative of the joint
venture. Should the chairman be unable to perform his duties, he shall
authorize the vice-chairman of the board or a director to represent the
joint venture.
Article 38
A joint venture shall establish a management office which shall be
responsible for the day-to-day management and operations. The management
office shall have a general manager and several deputy general managers
who assist the general manager in his work.
Article 39
The general manager shall carry out the decisions of the board meeting and
organize and conduct the day-to-day management and operations of the joint
venture. Within the scope of authorization by the board, the general
manager shall, externally, represent the joint venture, and internally,
have the right to appoint and dismiss his subordinates and exercise other
powers as authorized by the board.
Article 40
The general manager and deputy general managers shall be engaged by the
board of directors of the joint venture. These positions may be held
either by Chinese or foreign citizens.
At the instance of the board of directors, the chairman, vice-chairman or
other directors of the board may concurrently be the general manager,
deputy general managers or other high-ranking managerial personnel of the
joint venture.
In handling major issues, the general manager shall consult with the
deputy general managers.
The general manager or deputy general managers shall not hold posts
concurrently as general manager or deputy general managers of other
economic organizations. They shall not get involved in other economic
organizations' commercial competition against their own joint venture.
Article 41
In case of graft or serious dereliction of duty on the part of the general
manager, deputy general managers or other high-ranking managerial
personnel, they may be dismissed at any time by a decision of the board of
directors.
Article 42
Establishment of branch offices (including sales offices) outside China or
in regions of Hong Kong or Macao is subject to approval by the MOFERT.
Chapter VI Introduction of Technology
Article 43
The introduction of technology mentioned in this Chapter refers to the
acquisition of necessary technology by the joint venture by means of
technology transfer from a third party or a joint venturer.
Article 44
The technology to be introduced to the joint venture shall be appropriate
and advanced and enable the venture's products to display conspicuous
social economic results domestically or to be competitive on the
international market.
Article 45
The right of the joint venture to do business independently shall be
maintained when concluding such technology transfer agreements, and
relevant documentations shall be provided by the technology exporting
party with reference to the provisions of Article 29 of these Regulations.
Article 46
The technology transfer agreements concluded by a joint venture shall be
examined and agreed to by the department in charge of the joint venture
and then submitted for approval to the examining and approving
authorities.
Technology transfer agreements shall comply with the following
stipulations:
(1) Fees for the use of technology shall be fair and reasonable. Payments
are generally made in royalties, and the royalty rate shall not be higher
than the obtaining standard international rate, which shall be calculated
on the basis of net sales of the products turned out with the relevant
technology or in other reasonable ways agreed upon by both parties.
(2) Unless otherwise agreed upon by both parties, the technology exporting
party shall not put any restrictions on the quantity, price or region of
sale of the products that are to be exported by the technology importing
party.
(3) The term for a technology transfer agreement is generally not longer
than 10 years.
(4) After the expiration of a technology transfer agreement, the
technology importing party shall have the right to continue to use the
technology.
(5) Conditions for mutual exchange of information on the improvement of
technology by both parties of the technology transfer agreement shall be
reciprocal.
(6) The technology importing party shall have the right to buy the
equipment, parts and raw materials needed from sources they deem suitable.
(7) No irrational restrictive clauses prohibited under Chinese law and
regulations shall be included.
Chapter VII Right to the Use of Site and Fees
Article 47
Joint ventures shall practise economy in the use of land for their
premises. Any joint venture requiring the use of a site shall file an
application with local departments of the municipal (county) government in
charge of land and obtain the right to use a site after securing approval
and signing a contract. The acreage, location, purpose and contract period
and fee for the right to use a site (hereinafter referred to as site use
fee), rights and obligations of the two contracting parties and penalty
provisions for breach of contract shall be stipulated in explicit terms in
the contract.
Article 48
If the Chinese joint venturer already has the right to the use of site for
the joint venture, it may use the right as part of its investment. The
monetary equivalent of this investment shall be the same as the site use
fee otherwise paid for acquiring a site of similar conditions.
Article 49
The standards for site use fee shall be set by the people's governments of
the province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central
Government where the joint venture is located in the light of the purpose
of use, geographic and environmental conditions, expenses for requisition,
demolition and resettlement and the joint venture's requirements for
infrastructure, and filed with the MOFERT and the state department in
charge of land for the record.
Article 50
Joint ventures engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry may, with the
consent of the people's governments of the province, autonomous region or
municipality directly under the Central Government, pay a percentage of
the joint venture's revenues from its business operations as site use fees
to the local department in charge of land. Projects of a development
nature in economically under-developed areas may receive special
preferential treatment in respect of site use fees with the consent of the
local people's government.
Article 51
The rates of site use fees shall not be subject to adjustment in the first
5 years beginning from the day the land is used. After that, the interval
in between the necessary adjustments to be made according to the
development of the economy, changes in supply and demand, and changes in
geographic and environmental conditions shall not be less than three
years.
Site use fee as part of the investment by the Chinese joint venture shall
not be subject to adjustment during the contract period.
Article 52
The fee for the right to the use of a site obtained by a joint venture
according to Article 47 of these Regulations shall be paid annually from
the day to use the land stipulated in the contract. For the first calender
year, the venture will pay a half-year fee if it has used the land for
over 6 months; if less than 6 months, the site use fee shall be exempted.
During the contract period, if the rate of site use fee is adjusted, the
joint venture shall pay it according to the new rate from the year of
adjustment.
Article 53
Joint ventures that have permission to use a site shall only have the
right to the use of it but no ownership. Assignment of the right to use
land is forbidden.
Chapter VIII Planning, Purchasing and Selling
Article 54
A joint venture shall work out a capital construction plan (including
labour force required for the construction, building materials, water,
power and gas supply) according to the approved feasibility study report,
and the plan shall be included in the capital construction plan of the
department in charge of the joint venture, which shall give priority in
arranging supplies and ensured the execution of the plan.
Article 55
Funds earmarked for capital construction of a joint venture shall be put
under unified management of the bank where the venture has opened an
account.
Article 56
A joint venture shall work out a production and operating plan in
accordance with the scope of operation and scale of production stipulated
in the contract. The plan shall be carried out with the approval of the
board of directors and filed with the department in charge of the joint
venture for the record.
Departments in charge of the joint ventures and planning administration
departments at all levels shall not prescribe mandatory production and
operation plans for joint ventures.
Article 57
In its purchase of required machinery, equipment, raw materials, fuel,
parts, means of transport and office equipment, etc. (hereinafter referred
to as materials), a joint venture has the right to decide whether it buys
them in China or from abroad. However, where the terms are the same, it
shall give first priority to purchasing them in China.
Article 58
Joint ventures can purchase materials in China through the following
channels:
(1) those under planned distribution shall be brought into the supply plan
of the departments in charge of joint ventures and supplied by materials
and commercial departments or production enterprises according to
contracts;
(2) those handled by materials and commercial departments shall be
purchased from these departments;
(3) those freely circulating on the market shall be purchased from
production enterprises or their sale or commission agencies;
(4) those export items handled by foreign trade corporations shall be
purchased from the appropriate foreign trade corporations.
Article 59
The materials needed for office and daily use for joint ventures can be
purchased in China without quantity restrictions.
Article 60
The Chinese Government encourages joint ventures to sell their products on
the international market.
Article 61
Products of joint ventures that are urgently needed or to be imported by
China can be mainly sold on the Chinese market.
Article 62
A joint venture has the right to export its products itself or entrust the
sale-agencies of the foreign joint venturer or Chinese foreign trade
corporations with sales on a commission or distribution.
Article 63
Within the scope of business stipulated in the contract, a joint venture
may import machinery, equipment, parts, raw materials and fuel needed for
its production. A joint venture shall make a plan every year for items on
which import licenses are required by the stipulation of the State, and
apply for them every 6 months. For machines, equipment and other objects a
foreign joint venturer has contributed as part of its investment, import
licenses can be applied for directly with the documents approved by the
examining and approving authorities. For materials the import of which is
beyond the stipulated scope of the contract, separate applications for
import licenses according to State regulations are required.
A joint venture has the right to export its products by itself, whereas
for those products which require export licenses under the stipulation of
the State, the joint venture shall make an export plan every business year
and apply for the needed licenses every 6 months.
Article 64
A joint venture may sell its products on the Chinese market in the
following ways:
(1) For those items under planned distribution, the departments in charge
of joint ventures will bring them into the distribution plan of the
materials administration departments, which sell them to designated users
according to plan.
(2) For those items handled by materials and commercial departments, the
materials and commercial departments will place orders with the joint
ventures.
(3) For the excess of those purchased by plan of the above two categories,
the joint venture has the right to sell them by itself or entrust sales to
the relevant units.
(4) For products of a joint venture that Chinese foreign trade companies
need to import, the joint venture may sell them to these trade companies
and shall be paid in foreign currency.
Article 65
Materials purchased and services needed in China by joint ventures shall
be priced according to the following stipulations:
(1) The six raw materials - gold, silver, platinum, petroleum, coal and
timber - that are used directly in production for export shall be priced
according to the international market prices provided by the State
Administration of Foreign Exchange Control or foreign currency or
Renminbi.
(2) When purchasing export or import commodities handled by Chinese
foreign trade companies, the suppliers and buyers shall negotiate the
price, with reference to the prices on the international market, and
foreign currency shall be paid.
(3) The prices for purchasing coal used as fuel and oil for motor
vehicles, which are needed for manufacturing products to be sold
domestically, as well as materials other than those listed in (1) and (2)
of this Article, and the fees charged for water, electricity, gas, heat,
goods transportation, services, engineering, consultancy service and
advertisement, etc. provided to joint ventures, shall be treated equally
with state-owned enterprises and paid in Renminbi.
Article 66
Prices of products of a joint venture for sale on the Chinese domestic
market, except those items approved by the price control department for
appraisal of prices with reference to the prices on the international
market, shall correspond with State-set prices, be priced according to
equality and paid in Renminbi. Prices fixed by a joint venture for its
products shall be filed with departments in charge of joint ventures and
of price control for the record.
Prices of export products of a joint venture will be fixed by the joint
venture itself and shall be filed with departments in charge of joint
ventures and of price control for the record.
Article 67
A joint venture, in its economic exchanges with another Chinese economic
organization, shall undertake economic responsibilities and settle
disputes over contract in accordance with relevant laws and the contract
concluded between the two parties.
Article 68
A joint venture shall fill in statistical forms on production, supply and
marketing in accordance with relevant regulations, and file them with the
departments in charge, statistics departments and other departments
concerned for the record.
Chapter IX Taxes
Article 69
Joint ventures shall pay taxes according to the stipulations of relevant
laws of the People's Republic of China.
Article 70
Staff members and workers employed by joint ventures shall pay individual
income tax according to the Individual Income Tax Law of the People's
Republic of China.
Article 71
Joint ventures shall be exempt from Customs duties and consolidated
industrial and commercial tax on the following imported materials:
(1) machinery, equipment, parts and other materials (materials here and
hereinafter mean required materials for the joint venture's construction
on the factory site and for installation and reinforcement of machines)
which are part of the foreign joint venture's share of investment
according to the provisions of the contract;
(2) machinery, equipment, parts and components, and other materials
imported with funds from the joint venture's total investment;
(3) machinery, equipment, parts and components, and other materials
imported by the joint venture with the additional capital and with the
approving authorities, of which China cannot guarantee production and
supply;
(4) raw materials, auxiliary materials, components, parts and packaging
materials imported by the joint venture for the production of export
goods.
Duties and taxes shall be paid or paid retroactively according to
regulations when the above-mentioned duty-tax-free materials are approved
for sale inside China or diverted to the production of items to be sold on
the Chinese domestic market.
Article 72
Except those export items restricted by the State, products of a joint
venture for export shall be exempt from consolidated industrial and
commercial tax, subject to the approval by the Ministry of Finance of the
People's Republic of China.
A joint venture may apply for reduction of or exemption from consolidated
industrial and commercial tax for a certain period of time for products
that are sold on the domestic market when it has difficulty to pay such
tax in its initial period of production.
Chapter X Foreign Exchange Control
Article 73
All matters concerning foreign exchange for joint ventures shall be
handled according to the Interim Regulations on Foreign Exchange Control
of the People's Republic of China and relevant regulations.
Article 74
On the strength of the business license issued by the State Administration
for Industry and Commerce of the People's Republic of China, a joint
venture may open foreign exchange deposit accounts and Renminbi deposit
accounts with the Bank of China, or any other designated bank. The bank
handling the accounts of the joint venture shall monitor its receipts and
expenditures.
All foreign exchange incomes of a joint venture must be deposited in the
foreign exchange deposit account in the bank where an account has been
opened; all payments by the joint venture in foreign exchange are to be
effected from its foreign exchange deposit account. The deposit interest
rate shall be set according to the announced rates by the Bank of China.
Article 75
A joint venture shall in general maintain a balance between its foreign
exchange receipts and expenditures. When a joint venture whose products
are mainly sold on the domestic market under its approved feasibility
study report and contract sustains an imbalance of its foreign exchange
receipts and expenditures, the imbalance shall be remedied by the people's
government of a relevant province, autonomous region or municipality
directly under the Central Government or the department in charge under
the State Council from their own foreign exchange reserves. If the
imbalance defies solution through such adjustment, it shall be solved
through inclusion into the plan after the examination and approval by the
MOFERT in conjunction with the State Planning Commission of the People's
Republic of China.
Article 76
A joint venture shall get permission from the State Administration of
Foreign Exchange Control or one of its branches to open a foreign exchange
deposit account with an overseas bank or one in Hong Kong or Macao, and
report to the State Administration of Foreign Exchange Control or one of
its branches its foreign exchange receipts and expenditures, and provide
bank statements.
Article 77
Any branch office set up by a joint venture in a foreign country or in
Hong Kong or Macao shall open an account with the Bank of China wherever
there is a branch of the bank. The branch office shall submit its annual
statement of assets and liabilities and annual profit report to the State
Administration of Foreign Exchange Control or one of its branches through
the joint venture.
Article 78
A joint venture may apply to the Bank of China for foreign currency loans
and Renminbi loans according to business needs and according to the
Provisional Regulations for Providing Loans by the Bank of China to
Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures. Interest rates on loans to joint
ventures are as announced by the Bank of China. A joint venture may also
borrow foreign exchange as capital from banks abroad or in Hong Kong or
Macao, but shall file a report with the State Administration of Foreign
Exchange Control or one of its branches for the record.
Article 79
After foreign staff and workers or staff and workers from Hong Kong or
Macao have paid income tax on their salaries and other legitimate incomes
according to law, they may apply to the Bank of China for permission to
remit out all the remaining foreign exchange after deduction of their
living expenses in China.
Chapter XI Financial Affairs and Accounting
Article 80
The financial and accounting systems of a joint venture shall be
instituted in accordance with China's relevant laws and procedures on
financial affairs and accounting, and in consideration of the conditions
of the joint venture, and then be filed with the local financial
departments and tax authorities for the record.
Article 81
A joint venture shall employ a chief accountant to assist the general
manager in handling the financial affairs of the enterprises. If
necessary, a deputy chief accountant may be appointed.
Article 82
A joint venture shall (unless it is a small venture) appoint an auditor to
be responsible for checking financial receipts, payments and accounts, and
to submit reports to the board of directors and the general manager.
Article 83
The fiscal year of a joint venture shall coincide with the calendar year,
i.e. from January 1 to December 31 on the Gregorian calendar.
Article 84
The accounting of a joint venture shall adopt the internationally used
accrual basis and debit and credit accounting system in their work. All
vouchers, account books, statistic statements and reports prepared by the
enterprise shall be written in Chinese, or concurrently in a foreign
language agreed upon by the parties.
Article 85
Joint ventures shall, in principle, adopt Renminbi as the standard
accounting currency, however, a foreign currency may also be used as the
standard accounting currency, if so agreed upon by the parties concerned.
Article 86
In addition to the use of a standard accounting currency, joint ventures
shall record accounts in currencies actually used in payments and
receipts, if such currencies in cash, bank deposits, funds of other
currencies, assets and liabilities, gains, expenses, etc. are inconsistent
with the standard accounting currency.
Joint ventures using a foreign currency in accounting shall work out a
statement of accounts in Renminbi equivalents in addition to those in the
foreign currency. Losses or gains in remittances resulting from
differences in exchange rates shall be recorded as current gains or losses
for the year in which they occur. No adjustments shall be made to a
balance in a foreign currency account as the result of a recorded
fluctuation in the exchange rate such a currency.
Article 87
Principles of profit distribution after payment of taxes in accordance
with the Income Tax Law of the People's Republic of China Concerning
Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures are as follows:
(1) Allocations for reserve funds, bonuses and welfare funds for staff and
workers and expansion funds of the joint venture. The proportion of
allocations is to be decided by the board of directors.
(2) Reserve funds which can be used to make up for the losses of the joint
venture, or with the consent of the examining and approving authorities,
to increase the joint venture's capital for the expansion of production.
(3) After the funds specified in (1) of this Article have been deducted
and if the board of directors decides to distribute the remaining profit,
it shall be distributed proportionately to each party's investment.
Article 88
Profits may not be distributed before the losses of the previous year have
been made up. Remaining profits from previous year (or years) may be
distributed together with those of the current year.
Article 89
A joint venture shall submit quarterly and annual fiscal reports to
parties to the joint venture, the local tax authority, department in
charge of the joint venture and the financial department at the same level
to those departments.
A copy of the annual fiscal report shall be submitted to the original
examining and approving authorities.
Article 90
Only after being examined and certified by an accountant registered in
China shall the following documents, certificates and reports be
considered valid:
(1) certificates of investment from all the parties to a joint venture
(lists of assessed value agreed upon and signed by the parties to the
joint venture and relevant written agreements shall be attached if
investment involves materials, site use rights, industrial property and
proprietary technology);
(2) annual fiscal reports of the joint venture;
(3) fiscal reports on liquidation of the joint venture.
Chapter XII Staff and Workers
Article 91
The employment, recruitment, dismissal and resignation of staff and
workers of joint ventures, and their salary, welfare benefits, labour
insurance, labour protection, labour discipline and other matters shall be
handled according to the Regulations of the People's Republic of China on
Labour Management in Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures.
Article 92
Joint ventures shall make efforts to conduct professional and technical
training of their staff and workers and establish a strict examination
system so that they can meet the requirements of production and managerial
skills in a modernized enterprise.
Article 93
The salary and bonus system of joint ventures shall be in accord with the
principle of distribution to each according to his work, and more pay for
more work.
Article 94
Salaries and remuneration of the general manager and deputy general
manager(s), chief engineer, deputy chief engineer(s), chief accountant and
deputy chief accountant, auditor and other high-ranking managerial
personnel shall be decided upon by the board of directors.
Chapter XIII Trade Union
Article 95
Staff and workers of a joint venture have the right to set up grass-roots
trade unions and carry on trade union activities in accordance with the
Trade Union Law of the People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to
as Chinese Trade Union Law) and the Statute of the Trade Unions of China.
Article 96
Trade unions in joint ventures are representatives of the interests of the
staff and workers. They have the power to sign, on behalf of the staff and
workers, labour contracts with joint ventures and supervise the execution
of these contracts.
Article 97
The basic tasks of the trade unions in joint ventures are: to protect the
democratic rights and material interests of the staff and workers
according to law; to help the joint ventures with the arrangement and
rational use of welfare and bonus funds; to organize political,
professional, scientific and technical studies, carry out literary, art
and sports activities; and to educate staff and workers to observe labour
discipline and strive to fulfil the economic tasks of the enterprises.
Article 98
Trade union representatives have the right to attend, without the right to
vote, meetings of the board of directors held to discuss important issues
such as development plans, production and operational activities of joint
ventures and to air the opinions and demands of staff and workers.
Trade union representatives have the right to attend, without the right to
vote, meetings of the board of directors held to discuss and decide on
awards and penalties to staff and workers, salary and wage system, welfare
benefits, labour protection and labour insurance, etc. The board of
directors shall heed the opinions of the trade union and win its co-
operation.
Article 99
A joint venture shall actively support the work of the trade union, and,
in accordance with the stipulations of the Chinese Trade Union Law,
provide housing and facilities for the trade union as offices, meeting-
halls, and for organizing welfare, cultural and sports activities. The
joint venture shall allot an amount of money totalling 2 per cent of all
the salaries of the joint venture's staff and workers as trade union
funds, which the trade union of the joint venture shall use according to
the relevant administration rules for trade union funds formulated by the
All-China Federation of Trade Unions.
Chapter XIV Duration, Dissolution and Liquidation
Article 100
The duration of a joint venture shall be decided upon through consultation
among all the parties to the joint venture according to the actual
conditions of the particular lines of business and projects. The duration
of a joint venture engaged in an ordinary project shall, in principle, be
between 10 to 30 years. Duration for those engaged in projects requiring
large amounts of investment, long construction cycles and low profit rates
on the capital may be longer than 30 years.
Article 101
The duration of a joint venture shall be determined by all the parties to
the joint venture in the agreement, contract and activities of
association. The duration begins from the date when the joint venture is
issued a business license.
When all parties to a joint venture agree to extend the duration, the
joint venture shall file an application for extending the duration signed
by representatives authorized by the parties with the examining and
approving authorities 6 months before the date of expiration of the
duration. The examining and approving authorities shall give an official
written reply to the applicant within one month as of the date of receipt
of the application. Upon approval of the extension of the duration, the
joint venture concerned shall go through registration formalities for the
alteration in accordance with the Measures of the People's Republic of
China for the Registration Administration of Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint
Ventures.
Article 102
A joint venture may be dissolved in the following situations:
(1) termination of duration of the venture;
(2) inability to continue operations due to heavy losses;
(3) inability to continue operations due to the failure of one of the
contracting parties to fulfil its obligations prescribed in the agreement,
contract and articles of association;
(4) inability to continue operations due to heavy losses caused by force
majeure such as natural calamities and wars;
(5) failure to obtain the desired objectives of the operation and no
prospects for future development;
(6) occurrence of other reasons for dissolution as prescribed in the
contract and articles of association.
In cases described in (2), (3), (4), (5) and (6) of this Article, the
board of directors shall make an application for dissolution to the
examining and approving authorities for approval.
In the situation described in (3) of this Article, the party which has
failed to fulfil its obligations prescribed in the agreement, contract and
articles of association shall be liable for the losses arising therefrom.
Article 103
Upon announcement of the dissolution of a joint venture, its board of
directors shall work out procedures and principles governing the
liquidation and nominate candidates for the liquidation committee. It
shall report to the department in charge of the joint venture for
examination, verification and supervision of its liquidation.
Article 104
Members of a liquidation committee shall generally be selected from among
the directors of a joint venture. In case the directors cannot serve or
are unsuitable to be members of the liquidation committee, the joint
venture may invite accountants and lawyers registered in China to do the
job. When the examining and approving authorities deems necessary, it may
send personnel to supervise the process.
The liquidation expenses and remuneration for the members of the
liquidation committee shall be given priority in the disbursements from
the existing assets of the joint venture.
Article 105
The tasks of the liquidation committee are: to conduct thorough
investigation of the property of the joint venture concerned, its credits
and debts; to work out the statement of assets and liabilities and an
inventory of its property; to put forward a basis on which its property is
to be evaluated and calculated; and to formulate a liquidation plan. All
these shall be carried out upon approval of the board of directors.
During the process of liquidation, the liquidation committee shall
represent the joint venture concerned in initiating legal action or
responding thereto.
Article 106
A joint venture shall be liable for its debts with all of its assets. The
remaining assets after the clearance of debts shall be distributed among
the parties to the joint venture in proportion to each party's investment
unless otherwise provided for in the agreement, contract and articles of
association of the joint venture.
At the time when a joint venture is being dissolved, the portion of its
net assets or remaining property that exceeds the value added to its
registered capital is regarded as profit on which income tax shall be
levied according to law. The foreign joint venturer shall pay income tax
according to law on the portion of the net assets or remaining property
due him that exceeds his investment when he remits it abroad.
Article 107
On the completion of the liquidation of a dissolved joint venture, the
liquidation committee shall submit a liquidation report approved by a
meeting of the board of directors to the original examining and approving
authorities, go through formalities for cancelling its registration and
hand in its business license to the original registration authorities.
Article 108
After the dissolution of a joint venture, its account books and documents
shall be left in the custody of the former Chinese joint venturer.
Chapter XV Settlement of Disputes
Article 109
Disputes arising over the interpretation or execution of the agreement,
contract or articles of association between the parties to the joint
venture shall, if possible, be settled through friendly consultation or
mediation. If these means prove futile, the disputes shall be subject to
arbitration or judicial settlement.
Article 110
Parties to a joint venture shall apply for arbitration in accordance with
the relevant written agreement. They may submit the disputes to the
Foreign Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission of the China Council for
the Promotion of International Trade in accordance with its arbitration
rules. With mutual consent of the parties concerned, arbitration can also
be carried out by an arbitration agency in the country where the
respondent is located or by one in a third country in accordance with the
arbitration agency's rules.
Article 111
In the absence of a written agreement on arbitration between the parties
to a joint venture, either party may bring a suit in a Chinese people's
court.
Article 112
In the process of settling disputes, except for matters in dispute,
parties to a joint venture shall continue to carry out other provisions
stipulated by the agreement, contract and articles of association of the
joint venture.
Chapter XVI Supplementary Provisions
Article 113
The Chinese departments in charge of visas shall provide facility by
simplifying procedures for staff and workers from foreign countries or
from Hong Kong or Macao (including their family members) who have frequent
needs of entry and exit into and out of the China.
Article 114
The departments in charge of joint ventures shall make applications and go
through the formalities for Chinese staff and workers going abroad for
studies, business negotiations or training.
Article 115
Staff and workers from foreign countries or from Hong Kong or Macao
working for a joint venture may bring in needed means of transport and
office equipment with payment of Customs duties and consolidated
industrial and commercial taxes according to regulations.
Article 116
Joint ventures set up in the special economic zones shall comply with the
provisions otherwise provided, if any, in the laws and regulations adopted
by the National People's Congress, its Standing Committee or the State
Council.
Article 117
The power to interpret these Regulations is vested in the Ministry of
Foreign Economic Relations and Trade.
Article 118
These Regulations shall go into force as of the date of promulgation.
Note:
[*1] New provisions have been added to this Article. Therefore, the
relevant provisions in the Law of the People's Republic of China on
Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures amended on April 4, 1990 shall
prevail. - The Editor
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